فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت صنعتی
پیاپی 56 (بهار 1399)

On the one hand, the production of defense products is indispensable because of the role it plays in deterring and promoting the national security of the country, and, on the other hand, the economic conditions prevailing in the country have made production of defense products at the lowest cost an obligatory requirement. The lean supply chain of defense industries by focusing on waste removal and reducing costs, the answer is how to produce lower cost defense products. The purpose of this research is to identify the most important practices of the defense industries lean supply chain, and then, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the categorization and verification of the practices based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and then, using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) model, presents a model that shows the relationships between these practices. The power of driving and dependence of practices are also analyzed using the MICMAC technique. The results of the research show that out of a total of 84 practices introduced in the previous research for the lean supply chain, 49 practices are effective in the lean supply chain of defense industries. It consists of 8 categories and includes: Workshop level management, Quality management, Just in time, Repairs and Maintenance management, Human resource management, Suppliers relationships, New products design and Customer relationship. Customers relationship as the most basic and most driving practice and supplier relationship is the most dependent practice of the defense industries lean supply chain.

Emphasizing the importance of competition and cooperation in supply chains promote the revitalization of game theory as a convenient tool for analyzing interactions, as well as how it affects the different levels of cooperation and coordination in a supply chain. Therefore, using the game theory concept, and based on a side-contract of partnership in profits and marketing costs, in which profit is shared between all the chain levels’ members and marketing expenses is shared between producer and retailer, a cooperation model has been designed with the aim of maximizing the supply chain profit.In this research for the first time in fuzzy enviormet and with considering discount costs, a mathematical modeling is proposed in which to get closer to real conditions, marketing cost is considered as a triangular fuzzy number. The proposed model has been solved using Genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing algorithm (SA) and a hybrid algorithm based on GA-SA, for some random examples, and the model has been validated using GAMS software.

Following Chesbrough's statements of open innovation as a spectrum rather than a dichotomy, many studies have been conducted to reflect the dynamics in its implementation in the form of typologies, modes, themes, and mechanisms. In fact, these studies, with consideration of only certain aspects of the innovation process, have tried to develop a method for classifying and providing a model for adoption of open innovation.This paper also attempts to focus on the study of extant literature of implementation of open innovation and, after describing the shortcomings and gaps, present a comprehensive framework for aggregating these studies on considerations of open innovation as a model. Finally, by providing a systematic approach, the open innovation model has been implemented. Research approach is combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods and was applied at the level of the firm and a company active in the printing industry for the packaging of food products. Consequently, the open innovation model was determined in the study company. This model is the result of a chain of decisions in relation to each component of OI model within the phases of the innovation process. The decision chains include: selecting the “pre-print” domain as content of the model, choosing the direction of “market driven –invitational” for actors, and choosing mechanisms for increasing “absorption capacity”, “transformative and connective capacity”, and “desorptive capacity”.

Realization of plans and on time demands providing, is nowadays one of the most strategic goals in all production industries. This importance is caused by importance of customer position and also exploitation of resources. In this paper, the aggregate production planning problem is studied. Two objective function is considered for this problem. First, minimizing total cost elements and second, minimizing dissatisfaction of customer that comes about delay in demands delivery. Due to the importance of the customer place in nowadays competitive environment, the last objective function is added to problem to getting closer to the real world. Therefore, at first problem definition via objective functions, parameters, and decision variables are presented. Then mathematical model in multi objective is developed. Since, this problem has been proved as NP-Hard, an approximation method is also developed based on Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Finally this problem is solved applying two algorithm ε_Constraint and NSGA-II using standard data that is obtained from references. The result show good performance of the proposed method based on NSGA-II both in solution quality and running time.

In this paper, a three-echelon supply chain, consisting of suppliers, a number of distribution centers (DCs), and a number of retailers (customers) is modeled in form of the integrated bi-objective inventory- location – routing problem (ILRP), in a way that perishable products are delivered to the customers in a limited time horizon, consisting of several time periods. The retailers’ demand is stochastic and is applied on the model by the concept of scenario. The transportation fleet is heterogeneous, and distribution centers use a timetable, which will prevent interference of the vehicles operation and allocation of a vehicle to more than one distribution center in each time period. Three methods of calculating the distance to the ideal point and in order to solving the model, have been investigated and analyzed and have brought some examples for expressing proposed methods. At the end, besides concluding the discussion, recommendations are made for future studies.

One of the important decisions in the supply chain is the supplier selection affecting different sectors and objectives of a chain significantly. When it comes to supplier selection, product/technology selection, product/technology transfer method selection, and product/technology supplier selection are three debatable factors. Hence, in this paper, criteria influencing these three indicators will be identified and their importance will be ranked by Gray-DEMETEL and Best-Worst Method (BWM). Then, the priority of the options will be determined using Gray Analytical Network Process (GANP), which is one of the strongest decision-making methods. This paper attempts to demonstrate the superiority of the BWM method in determining the importance of criteria while comparing to previous methods in this group. The compliance rate obtained for the BWM confirms this claim. In order to investigate the proposed approach, a case study was conducted while considering 5 final suppliers, 3 technologies and 5 technology transfer methods, which ended with the selection of the best supplier with the highest technology and capable of transferring the technology by the optimal transfer method.

In today’s competitive environment, having a supply chain managenet has a crucial and significantrole. In this context, green supply chain management has defined as a framework for optimizing environmental concerns for both organizations and companies that is one of the important managerial criteria in this respect. The aim of this research is about investigating the relationship between green training and green supply chain management and finally its effect on organizational performance. In this context, a developed conceptual model was designed for this research. The statistical population included all experts and managers of the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company of Guilan’s region. The innovation of the present research is to measure the impact of green human resources management as well as green training and supply chain management in integrating these two processes into the organization's performance. After doing the anylysis the results were produced and based on the obtained results it could be concluded that the testing of the hypotheses with 95% confidence interval using structural equation modeling employing LISREL software showed that green education has significant impact on organizational performance through mediating role of green supply chain management.

Integrated production-distribution planning is one of the main issues in supply chain management that plays an important role in reducing supply chain costs. In addition, choosing optimal location of distribution centers can facilitate achieving this goal. On the other hand, environmental lows and regulations established by governments impose constraints to production and distribution activities and make necessary the adoption of green supply chain approach more than ever.In this paper, a novel model is developed for integrated location-production-distribution planning in a three-echelon green supply chain consisting of manufacturing plants, distribution centers, and customers with multiple products and multiple time periods. The objective function includes minimization of the total supply chain costs as wll as CO2 emissions throughout the chain. Also, the customer demand and service level are expressed as fuzzy Z-number in order to obtain the reliability of the values from the experts. The applicability and efficiency of the proposed model is demonstrated through a real case study considering two indexes of level of customer service and green production and distribution. In order to solve the proposed model, GAMS software package is used. The obtained results show satisfactory performance of the proposed model in reducing costs in the green supply chain.

Relationship management in the supply chain has a significant impact on the operational competitiveness, performance and profitability of the companies and power is one of the important concepts that is considered in the relationships between members of a supply chain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of power in supply chain members’ relationships on financial performance of building companies in Semnan. Trust, commitment and strategic performance are also used as mediator variables. The type of research is based on the objective, applied and its method is descriptive and correlational based on the data collection method. The research population is the managers of construction companies in Semnan city. For this purpose, 140 questionnaires were collected from this community. The research hypotheses were studied using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that non-coercive power has a direct and significant impact on trust and commitment in relations between members of the supply chain. If the coercive power has a reciprocal and significant effect on trust. The direct and significant effects of trust on commitment and financial performance and strategic performance have been confirmed. Commitment has a direct and significant effect on strategic performance and financial performance and The direct and significant impact of strategic performance on financial performance has also been confirmed.

Nowadays, risk management is a good way to deal with the risks that may occur in a project. In risk response analysis, risks are often assumed to be interdependent. In fact, the risks affect one project in the opposite direction. Implementing and managing various projects, including construction projects, has a lot of ambiguous cases. Such cases, called uncertainty, change the outcome sometimes better, and sometimes worse than anticipated. Complexity, challenge and uncertainty are more common in building projects with different interactions between the pillars inside and outside it. Therefore, in order to realize the quantitative and qualitative goals of these projects, it is necessary to use a framework for identifying risks, monitoring and controlling them in relation to the activities and complexity of their communications .In this article, first we consider a construction project and then, with experts' opinions and a brain storm meeting, we identified the risks involved, then, according to experts, we determined the strategy for each risk. Finally, we have used an optimal model for choosing risk response strategies with respect to the risks’ interdependence. The main finding through the analysis of the project is that the low attention or neglect of the interdependence of risk reduces the expected utility and increases the implementation.